Other well-known functions of CK2 are in human infections in particular, several viruses exploit host cell CK2 for their life cycle.

Its best documented role is in cancer, where it regulates practically all malignant hallmarks. CK2 is a constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase, which phosphorylates hundreds of substrates, controls several signaling pathways, and is implicated in a plethora of human diseases.